Yes, Jbuttons have a text field that you can set, and a buttonlistener would do what you are looking for. When initiating the JButton, add text.
JButton mybutton = new JButton("your text");
or you can use the inherited setText(). Also, the Actionlistener is probably going to be the same since you only want to return a boolean, with the same sort of action performed each time, you can probably write a listener once and then add it to all the buttons you make. In order to help you more, i would have to see the code. I'm good, but not that good also, just saying, not a member of this org yet.
Also, with the addition of said buttons, this game graduates from fully text-based to somewhat graphical. Congrats ;P