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my name is markiplier and welcome back to Toribash

1. THERE ARE 3 SPECIES OF ORANGUTAN

The Bornean, the Sumatran and the recently confirmed new species (as of 2017), the Tapanuli. These great apes are only found in the wild on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
All three orangutan species are critically endangered. It’s difficult to determine how many orangutans are left in the world, but estimates suggest that there are just over 100,000 Bornean, fewer than 14,000 Sumatran, and less than 800 Tapanuli orangutans left.
Although they might look fairly similar with their fluffy ginger fur, Bornean orangutans have darker red coats and rounder faces than their Sumatran cousins.
But they do have some similarities - adult males have a beard and moustache - and adult female Sumatran orangutans also have beards.





2. ORANGUTANS ARE THE HEAVIEST TREE-DWELLING ANIMAL

They spend most of their lives swinging through the canopies and need vast stretches of forest to find enough food and mates.
Deforestation and hunting are the biggest threats to orangutans. Borneo alone is projected to lose 220,000 km sq of forest between 2010 and 2030 – that's almost 30% of its total land area; well over the size of the entire United Kingdom. This is largely for agriculture and infrastructure (such as roads), but forest fires are also becoming more frequent with climate change.
The good news is that studies have shown deforestation is slowing down in Borneo. And Indonesia and Malaysia are setting stronger requirements for forest protection.





3. THEY'VE GOT LONG ARMS

Orangutans have an arm span of about 2.2 m (over 7 ft) from fingertip to fingertip.
Considering their standing height is around 1. 5 m, this is an impressive reach. Their arms are so long in fact that they’re one and a half times longer than their legs and stretch to their ankles when standing.





4. THEY DON'T MIND EATING WITH THEIR FEET

Orangutans are incredibly dexterous and use both hands and feet while gathering food and travelling through the trees.
Like us, orangutans have four fingers and a thumb, and fingernails. Their feet look almost exactly the same as their hands – designed for agile climbing and gripping.





5. THEY LEARN EVERYTHING THEY NEED TO KNOW FROM MUM

Young orangutans stay with their mother until they reach around 7 years old. They spend this time learning everything from her – including what’s good to eat.
Infants are so attached to their mums that they ride on her body and sleep in her nest until they develop their own skills to survive on their own.
Because of this long learning curve, orangutans only have young once every 7 – 9 years, which is the longest birth interval of any land mammal.





6. MALES ARE MAJESTIC

Some adult male orangutans develop flaps of fatty tissue on both sides of their face - known as flanges - which develop when they're fully mature, at around 35 years old.
Like all great apes, an orangutan has a long lifespan and can live to over 30 years in the wild—many live to 50.
Studies show that some females may consider flanges when selecting a mate.





7. THEY BUILD NESTS TO SLEEP IN

Orangutans like to be comfortable. They make a sleeping platform, or nest, every night.
An orangutan makes its nest in around 10 minutes, by pulling several large branches together, using smaller branches for a mattress and binding the structure together by weaving in more supple branches. In wet weather, they sometimes add a roof.
As orangutans make a new nest to sleep in every night, we actually use their nests to estimate their population size in any given area. We count nests both from the ground and the air as they’re much easier to spot than elusive orangutans.





8. SOME ORANGUTANS USE TOOLS

As you might have seen in Our Planet, some Sumatran orangutans use tools - like sticks to get termites, ants or bees out of tree holes.
These clever creatures have also been observed making a 'glove' out of leaves when handling prickly fruits or thorny branches.





9. THEY HAVE SMELLY TASTE IN FOOD

Orangutans mainly eat fruits, such as mangoes, lychees and figs, but they also feed on young leaves, flowers, insects, and even small mammals. Fruit makes up around 60% of an orangutan's diet, but when it’s scarcer they also eat some weird sounding things, like soil and tree bark.
A huge spiky fruit called durian is the favourite fruit of orangutans – it's best known for its stench, which has been likened to sewage, rotting flesh and smelly socks. Tasty.





10. ORANGUTANS ARE UNDER GRAVE THREAT

It's estimated that over 100,000 Bornean orangutans were lost between 1999 and 2015. The main threat is the loss or fragmentation of their forest habitat, caused by logging for timber materials, forest fires and making way for oil palm plantations.
Oil palm trees produce palm oil - an edible vegetable oil - which is used in many products, from toothpaste to pizza. Indonesia and Malaysia make up over 85% of the global supply of palm oil.
Cutting down pristine rainforest to make more palm oil is incredibly unsustainable and releases lots of carbon into the atmosphere. But the good news is that we can produce palm oil sustainably - protecting species like the orangutan - if we ensure that it is deforestation free. This means planting on already degraded land rather than replacing jungle with oil palm. And palm oil itself yields far more oil than other crops such as olive oil or sunflower oil – so it needs far less land to produce the same amount of oil.
As consumers, we can fight to only buy sustainable palm oil. Boycotting isn’t the answer; demanding more action is.

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10. Sexually Dimorphic Size Differences in Anacondas is the Largest in the World

Female anacondas are almost always larger than male anacondas within a given species. For example, the average length of a female anaconda is about 15 feet. A male will typically grow about 9 feet in length. This size-based sexual dimorphism represents the largest differential of its kind in any animal.
Thus, if a record-breaking anaconda appears in the world, the chances are very high that it is a female.
9. Anacondas Give Birth to Live Young

Most snakes lay eggs when they reproduce. The king cobra even makes a nest and guards it. However, anacondas give birth to live young. Still, the baby snakes still begin their lives within eggs. Anacondas are ovoviviparous, and that means the eggs stay inside the mother until they hatch.

After the eggs hatch inside of the mother, they are “birthed”, break through the thin membrane from their egg sac and swim off into the world.
8. An Anaconda May Be the Longest Snake Ever

The head and neck of the snake direct its body when moving.
Although a few Burmese pythons have received somewhat reliable measurements exceeding 25ft, one anaconda may have been longer. According to one news story from Brazil, it seems that workers at a construction site found an anaconda that measured 33ft long! Unfortunately, the snake was killed, and no scientific analysis took place on the creature.
The snake was said to have a head that was a full 3ft across and a weight of 880lbs! If those measurements were true, then this was the longest snake ever found and certainly the heaviest!
7. A Surprising Anaconda Fact: Anacondas Don’t Kill by Suffocation

A common misconception about anacondas is that they kill their prey by squeezing it to death. However, that’s not true. They do not wait for their prey to exhale and then ratchet their squeeze to kill them.
Being that anacondas will often attack creatures from the water, one of their favored methods of attack is to drown their prey. Anacondas can survive underwater for about 10 minutes at a time, but their prey cannot. Also, anacondas can kill by overwhelming the circulatory system of their prey’s body. They squeeze so hard that the heart can’t pump blood outward.
6. Anacondas Have Competitive Mating in a “Breeding Ball”

When the time comes to mate, anacondas don’t select a single mate with whom to breed. Instead, they will form a mass of multiple male snakes and one female at the center. When she chooses the male that is largest and has the best characteristics, she will then allow him to mate with her.
This competition and mating process can last for up to a month, and the female will mate several times during that period to ensure fertilization.
5. Female Anacondas Sometimes Eat Their Mates

Anacondas have a slow metabolism, but they need food for the gestation
The massive difference in sexual dimorphism combined with the long period of time that is spent without eating leads to some females eating their mates. These snakes need to get their fill of food after spending all that time in the mating ball and for the gestation period that lies ahead.
This cannibalism isn’t extremely common. However, it always occurs with the much larger female eating smaller males.
4. Anacondas Are the Heaviest Snakes in the World

Even if you erased the potential longest snake record off the books, anacondas are still the heaviest snakes in the world. Reticulated pythons and Burmese pythons are incredibly long snakes. Yet, they are rather thin, so they don’t weigh that much.
Anacondas are massive, thick, muscular snakes that can weigh up to over 500lbs. If we do count the previously mentioned snake record, then one anaconda reportedly weighed almost 900lbs!
3. Most Anacondas Can Live for Weeks or Months Without Eating

Anacondas can hunt and kill very large prey including deer. That means they do not need to eat that often after securing a kill. Anacondas have a very slow metabolism, so they can comfortably survive for several weeks.
Anacondas have increased metabolism when they are breeding. That helps explain why the females may eat the males after the breeding session has concluded.
2. A Worrying Anaconda Fact: They Are from South America but May Be Spreading

Originally, anacondas are from South America in countries east of the Andes Mountains. They live in a similar area to the prehistoric Titanoboa. Up until a few decades ago, South America was the only place where these snakes lived.
Unfortunately, yellow and green anacondas have been found in the Florida Everglades as an invasive species. They were probably released in that area by former pet owners. Whether they become as numerous as the Burmese pythons in the area remains to be seen.
1. Anacondas Can Spend 10 Minutes Underwater

Anacondas have eyes high on their heads so they can sit and wait for prey to appear
Despite their massive weight and size, anacondas are ambush predators. They hide most of their body under the water and then strike their foes. They can wait completely under the water for 10 minutes, leaving only their eyes looking out. When they find something suitable to eat, they will lunge from the water, grab the prey, wrap it up, and kill it.
Anacondas are very interesting and dangerous creatures. However, no records exist of them harming human beings. Most of them live in very remote places. The chances of you running into the snake in the wild are very low. Even if you did find one on land, you could get away by quickly and calmly retreating.